It can manifest during the mixed dentition stage and, if untreated, may compromise oral health and esthetics well into adulthood.
From a clinical standpoint, malocclusions are classified into several categories—such as Class I, Class II, and Class III skeletal patterns, as well as open bite, deep bite, and crossbite—each with different etiologies and treatment considerations.
Etiological factors include:
✔ Genetic influences: jaw size discrepancies, hereditary crowding or spacing.
✔ Functional and environmental factors: prolonged thumb sucking, pacifier use, tongue thrusting, mouth breathing.
✔ Dental causes: premature loss of primary teeth, ectopic eruption, or supernumerary teeth.
✔ Trauma or pathology affecting growth patterns.
Key clinical signs to observe:
✔ Irregular tooth positioning (crowding, rotations, diastemas).
✔ Anterior or posterior crossbite.
✔ Excessive overjet or deep overbite.
✔ Difficulty in mastication or speech.
✔ Facial asymmetry or deviations in jaw position.
► DENTAL BOOK: Orthodontics - Diagnosis and Management of Malocclusion and Dentofacial Deformities - Om Prakash Kharbanda
For dental professionals, early diagnosis is critical. Interceptive orthodontics—implemented during active growth—can harness skeletal development to correct arch relationships, improve oral function, and reduce treatment complexity in adolescence.
This may involve removable appliances, fixed partial braces, space maintainers, or orthopedic devices, depending on the case.
For parents, awareness is equally essential. The American Association of Orthodontists advises that children receive their first orthodontic evaluation by age 7.
Early detection allows for timely intervention, potentially avoiding more invasive and costly treatments later.
Conclusion
Malocclusion management is a collaborative effort between pediatric dentists, orthodontists, and families.
By combining clinical expertise with parental vigilance, it is possible to achieve optimal oral function, esthetics, and long-term stability.
