Although the prevalence of these advanced infections has declined in many regions thanks to improvements in oral healthcare and widespread antibiotic use, they remain a critical clinical challenge in dental practice due to their rapid progression and complex anatomy.
These infections occur within the potential spaces and fascial planes of the neck, which are defined by layers of deep cervical fascia.
Because of this intricate anatomy, infection can spread quickly from a dental or oral source into deeper compartments, making early recognition and appropriate intervention by dental professionals essential to prevent serious morbidity and mortality.
Odontogenic sources—particularly infected teeth and periodontal structures—are among the most common initiators of deep neck space infections.
When an infection penetrates beyond the initial site and involves deeper fascial spaces, clinicians must understand the relevant surgical anatomy, typical clinical presentations, and early management principles.
Key symptoms such as neck swelling, dysphagia, odynophagia, trismus, systemic signs of infection, and evolving airway compromise can signal involvement of critical neck spaces.
Prompt assessment, appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and timely referral for surgical intervention when indicated are essential to optimize outcomes and avoid severe sequelae such as airway obstruction, mediastinitis, or septicemia.
This comprehensive guide equips the dental team with the clinical insight and anatomical knowledge necessary to detect early manifestations of deep neck space infections, differentiate them from common odontogenic pathologies, and make informed decisions about urgent referral and multidisciplinary management.
