Cementum is a nonuniform, mineralized connective tissue composed by 50% of inorganic matrix in the form of hydroxyapatite crystals. Organic matrix consists of type I collagen fibrils (approximately 90%) and type III collagen fibrils (approximately 5%).
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Dental cementum also contains noncollagenous proteins, glycolipids, glycoproteins and proteoglycans. As an avascular tissue it does not undergo continuous remodeling.
The cementum-dentin junction is characterized by penetrating cytoplasmic processes of pre-cementoblasts in the array of pre-dentin with subsequent deposition of collagen fibers, forming interdigitations.
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Cemental tear has been described as an rare periodontal condition characterized by a total or partial separation of the cementum.
This detachment mainly occurs in the cementum-dentin junction, and may also include dentin. According to the current classification of periodontal diseases, cemental tears are categorized as localized tooth-related factors that modify or predispose to plaque-induced gingival diseases and periodontitis.
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