Historically, apexification procedures relied heavily on long-term calcium hydroxide therapy—a tedious, multi-visit protocol frequently compromised by patient non-compliance and an elevated risk of root fracture.
However, the advent of biocompatible calcium silicate materials, such as Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), alongside the paradigm shift toward regenerative endodontic procedures (REPs), has revolutionized clinical outcomes.
In this compelling case series, Joseph C. Stern, D.D.S., explores diverse techniques and advanced methods designed to establish a reliable apical seal and foster root development, even when encountering the anatomical complexities of a blunderbuss apex.
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By moving away from protracted traditional treatments toward efficient, biologically driven interventions, this work offers a critical clinical blueprint for successfully navigating the unpredictable nature of open apices.
Full Document Access: To explore the detailed case reports, the sequential application of biocompatible materials, and the strategic implementation of pulp regeneration techniques in daily practice, you are invited to review the full open-access research article.
