There is significant research about biologic reactions to microbial virulence factors (representing pathogenic degree) and immunologic factors (host defense responses).
The selection of effective microbial control of infected root canals requires detailed knowledge of the microorganisms responsible for pulp and periapical pathology associated with knowledge of the mechanism of action of the antimicrobial solution.
Microorganisms that compose endodontic microbiota were isolated and identified after the development of modern collection and transport techniques for its culture.
It was then confirmed that infections of root canals are mixed, with predominantly Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria.
Antimicrobial agents must suppress or destroy microbial growth; thus susceptibility of the microorganisms, penetration of anti microbial agent to the infected site, adequate concentration of the agent, low toxicity to the host cells, lack of microorganism development of resistance to the agent are necessary.
The aim of this work is to discuss the mechanism of action of sodium hypochlorite based on its antimicrobial and physico-chemical properties.
