The aim of this manuscript was to investigate the epidemiology and the factors related to the periodontal disease in children and adolescents.
Several systemic and immunological disorders have shown a relationship with periodontal disease in this population and early diagnosis and treatment of gingivitis is important to prevent it from evolving into periodontitis.
Two cases are reported showing the presencce of periodontal disease at a young age.
In the literature the terms “periodontal disease” and “periodontitis” are commonly considered synonyms, but they have different meanings.
Indeed, periodontal disease includes pathologies affecting all the supporting tissues of the teeth, including gingivitis and periodontitis.
PERIODONTAL DISEASE: Etiology, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis and Treatment Therapy
Gingivitis has been defined, in the 2017 World Workshop, as a non-specific inflammatory condition caused by a steady plaque biofilm accumulation at the gingival margin and apically.
Gingivitis is considered the main risk factor and the necessary prerequisite to periodontitis.
PDF: Evaluation of periodontal condition and risk in patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis
Periodontitis is a chronic multifactorial inflammatory disease associated with dysbiotic plaque biofilms and characterised by progressive destruction of the tooth-supporting apparatus.
Periodontal diseases are common in children, adolescents, and adults, while periodontitis is relatively rare in childhood and it tends to rise during adolescence, with an important intensification of cases and a higher prevalence in adulthood.
