While it is effective in controlling the immune response, its long-term use can lead to notable side effects in the oral cavity.
Common Oral Side Effects
The most recognized oral manifestation of cyclosporine therapy is gingival overgrowth (gingival hyperplasia), which typically appears within a few weeks or months after initiating treatment.
This condition is influenced by drug dosage, oral hygiene habits, and individual susceptibility.
Key clinical features
★ Enlargement of the gums, often beginning in the anterior regions.
★ Firm, fibrotic gingival tissue, sometimes inflamed.
★ Difficulty in maintaining oral hygiene, leading to increased plaque, caries, and risk of periodontal disease.
★ Aesthetic and functional complications, such as speech and chewing difficulties.
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Other Possible Effects
★ Xerostomia (dry mouth), increasing the risk of bacterial infections.
★ Oral candidiasis due to immunosuppression.
★ Delayed wound healing in the oral mucosa.
Dental Management Recommendations
Oral health professionals play a crucial role in preventing and managing these complications.
Suggested strategies include:
★ Reinforcing excellent oral hygiene practices.
★ Scheduling frequent professional cleanings (every 3–6 months).
★ Maintaining close communication with the medical team regarding potential dosage adjustments or alternative therapies.
★ Performing periodontal surgery if overgrowth severely impacts function or aesthetics.
Conclusion
Cyclosporine remains essential in modern medicine, but its oral side effects require attention and interdisciplinary care.
Dentists should remain vigilant and proactive in educating and monitoring patients to preserve both systemic and oral health.
Reference
- Case Reports in DentistryVolume 2019, Article ID 8609. Periodontal Management of Cyclosporin A-Induced GingivalOvergrowth: A Nonsurgical Approach. Rayhana Malek, Bouchra El Houari and Jamila Kissa
