One of the most concerning issues that may arise during this stage is tooth loss, a condition often underestimated by both patients and healthcare providers.
Understanding the causes and preventive measures is essential for protecting the oral and overall health of expectant mothers.
1. Hormonal Changes and Gingival Inflammation
The increase in progesterone and estrogen levels during pregnancy can lead to pregnancy gingivitis, characterized by swollen, tender, and bleeding gums.
If left untreated, this inflammation can progress to periodontitis, a severe gum infection that damages the supporting structures of the teeth and may result in tooth loss.
2. Nutritional Deficiencies
The developing fetus requires essential nutrients such as calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D.
When the mother’s diet lacks these nutrients, her body may redirect them from her bones and teeth, weakening dental structures over time.
Although pregnancy itself does not “steal calcium from teeth,” poor dietary intake combined with hormonal effects can contribute to weakened enamel and alveolar bone resorption.
3. Morning Sickness and Acid Erosion
Frequent vomiting due to morning sickness exposes teeth to stomach acids, leading to enamel erosion.
Over time, the enamel becomes thinner and more prone to decay, sensitivity, and eventually tooth loss if decay reaches advanced stages.
4. Poor Oral Hygiene and Neglected Dental Visits
Pregnant women may unintentionally neglect their oral care routines due to nausea, fatigue, or misinformation about dental treatments during pregnancy.
This can result in plaque accumulation, caries development, and worsening periodontal conditions.
Regular dental checkups and professional cleanings are safe and strongly recommended during pregnancy.
5. Systemic Inflammation and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes
Untreated periodontal disease not only increases the risk of tooth loss but has also been associated with preterm birth, low birth weight, and preeclampsia.
Maintaining oral health contributes not only to dental stability but also to a safer pregnancy outcome.
► READ ALSO: Dental Fluorosis in Children and Adolescents: A Complete Guide for Diagnosis, Prevention, and Treatment (2025)
Prevention and Recommendations
✔ Maintain meticulous oral hygiene: brush twice daily with fluoride toothpaste and floss regularly.
✔ Visit the dentist at least once per trimester for professional evaluation and cleaning.
✔ Manage morning sickness by rinsing with a baking soda solution (1 teaspoon in a cup of water) to neutralize acid after vomiting.
✔ Eat a balanced diet rich in calcium, vitamin D, and phosphorus.
✔ Avoid excessive sugar intake and carbonated beverages.
Conclusion
Tooth loss during pregnancy is preventable with early awareness, proper nutrition, and continuous dental care.
Dentists and obstetricians should work together to educate expectant mothers on the importance of maintaining oral health as part of prenatal care.
Healthy gums and teeth contribute to a healthy pregnancy and a confident smile after childbirth.
